TROLL PHASE I, LANDFALL TUNNEL INSPECTION BY USE OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY
Johann H. Ku h 1 ma in, A/S Norske Shell, PB 60, 5049 Sandsli - Bergen, Norway
Svein E. Skjei, Welhavensveg 112, 4600 Sandnes, Norway
Dr. Cohn Bridgewater, Morrison McLean Ltd., The Gd School, Castle Terrace, Aberdeen AB2 1BN, Scotland
ABSTRACT
The Troll Phase I landfall of both import and export pipelines 1 to/from the Kollsnes onshore gas drying and compression plant is via a waterfilled 3,7 km long tunnel system with its deepest point 235 m below mean sea level.
This paper describes the methods developed for inspection of the waterfilled tunnel system by utilization of a conventional Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV).
These comprise three main elements, i.e. ROV intervention into a partially horizontal tunnel up to a length of 4 kin, an inspection an reporting system developed for the presentation of survey data and the use of virtual reality techniques for representing the location and orientation of the ROV within the tunnel complex to the pilot in real time.
MULTIPHASE BOOSTING: A GROWING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE CHALLENGE OF ECONOMICAL DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENTS
P. Colombi, Agip S.p.A., Milan, Italy
G. Chiesa, Snamprogetti S.p.A., Italy
G. Ferrari Aggradi, Nuovo Pignone, Florence, Italy
ABSTRACT
The current operating success in the subsea prototype testing and the level of development of different pump concepts are promoting multiphase boosting as a reliable technology for the exploitation of subsea fields.
From a situation where very basic questions were asked about the expected performance and reliability of this equipment the Industry is now looking at those scenarios showing the greatest potential for the application of this technology like the deep waters.
Competitive options to develop subsea fields, however, may be available and, although they may present some disadvantages compared with multiphase boosting, they make use of traditional practices and proven technologies.
In the above perspective, the field operational experience plays a key role to prove t h e suitability of the proposed systems in handling the untreated well fluids under real subsea conditions so giving multiphase boosting a distinct edge over more conventional solutions.
To this end, the paper reviews the main results obtained so far by the underwater testing campaign of a prototype multiphase boosting unit at the Agip Prezioso Field, offshore Sicily.
In particular, the review addresses the main technological issues encountered during the subsea operation of the boosting unit together with an initial-characterization of the experienced unit performance.
The above is considered to provide a significant contribution to the evaluation of the current level of purity of this technology as well as of the present technological gap to meet the requirements posed by t industrial applications, particularly in deep waters.
